Pdf students attitudes and english language performance in. In the constitution of tanzania from 1962 it was said that kiswahili3 and english should be the official. It has many crosswords divided into different worlds and groups. Before that, the major coastal city of dar es salaam served as the countrys political capital. History and criticism english language english language africa english. A case study of secondary schools in morogoro municipality, tanzania emmanuel s.
In this sense it is a descriptive abstraction, not necessarily an established, recognised norm, which should become clear from u,e following survey. By shaaban fundi english language learning in the tanzanian education system can be characterized as being problemsolving oriented. Two subjects, that is, history and english were used to examine the differences and similarities in students. English language teaching in tanzania michigan state university.
The african great lakes nation of tanzania dates formally from 1964, when it was formed out of the union of the much larger mainland territory of tanganyika and the coastal archipelago of zanzibar. Since 1996, the official capital of tanzania has been dodoma, where parliament and some government offices are located. Tanzania big results now in education program project. Effects of english language on national development. There are many languages spoken in the country, but no one language is spoken natively by a majority or a large plurality of the population. We offer language courses for swahili in moshi tanzania and in zanzibar. The country is characterized by triglossia, where english is the international language used in higher education. The failure of language policy in tanzanian schools. However, changing the way we teach english to second, third or fourth language learners in tanzania will take us a long way, modifying our ideological framework will also help, and raising our expectations for what our students can learn and do will increase tremendously higherorderthinking skills of our students. Tanzanian definition and meaning collins english dictionary.
Apr 17, 2017 find out official language of tanzania answers. The country is characterized by triglossia, where english is the international language used in highe r education. However, in many cases, the swahili words come into use. Four languages of tanzania alpha omega translations. Some of these words are used because of unconscious codemixing, that is, to mix two or more languages in their speech. Introduction this paper describes the linguistic situation in tanzania. Mar 05, 2015 tanzania dumps english as its official language in schools, opts for kiswahili. Tanzania big results now in education program project english. There are over 120 ethnic groups on the tanzanian mainland, most of whom migrated from other parts of africa over the millennia, whilst on the coast, the swahili people originated from an eclectic mix of traders arabic, persian and chinese among others who arrived from as early as the 8th century. Prior to then, education was done informally, as children were taught tradition, culture, history, and the likes by their parents who were in turn taught by their own parents. Most of the known history of tanganyika before the 19th century concerns the coastal area, although the interior has a number of important prehistoric sites. Language policy for education and development in tanzania. The former was a colony and part of german east africa from the 1880s to 1919, when, under the league of nations, it became a british mandate. This paper describes the linguistic situation in tanzania.
But in spite of the obvious advantages gained, and bearing in mind that tanzania is an independent. Department of social sciences, sokoine university of agriculture, morogoro, tanzania. Major oral literary forms include folktales, poems, riddles, proverbs, and songs. We offer language courses for swahili in moshitanzania and in zanzibar. Language policy in tanzania language policy had been thoroughly justified, and no one with any intimate knowledge of the tanzanian scene will have any doubt at all about this. English as the only language of instruction in all school grades, heralding the new primary approach, better known as the english medium approach to implement the new curriculum. Theoretical and practical challenges in a tanzanian english medium primary school josephat m. The realities in the schools eustard rutalemwa tibategeza st augustine university of tanzania, tanzania abstract tanzania is a multilingual country with 150 ethnic languages spoken within its boundaries. It is a bantu language specific to the swahili ethnic group, who inhabit the african great lakes are of africa as well as other areas of southeast africa. Although english is the medium of instruction from secondary school onwards in tanzania, it is still a foreign language. The type of problem solving that does not include exercises that cultivate higherorder thinking skills. Pdf students attitudes and english language performance. Students attitudes and english language performance in secondary schools in tanzania the study explored the role of attitudes in secondary school students performance in the english language.
The linguistic situation in tanzania malin petzell university of gothenburg 1. Effects of english language on national development olofin alabi olusoji principal lecturer, the federal polytechnic, adoekiti, ekiti state, nigeria. It explored how learning english was silhouetted by students interests and utilitarian attitudes to the language. English is essential, as it is the language which links tanzania and the rest of the world through technology, commerce and also administration.
Students attitudes and english language performance in. English as a second language of instruction in tanzania. Tanzanian efl teachers perceptions and attitudes towards. It explored how learning english was silhouetted by students interests and utilitarian.
The influence of the language of instruction on students. The paper discusses some classroom practices in tanzania secondary schools focusing on the use of english language as a medium of instruction and came up. Introduction various studies have been undertaken in tanzania on the language of instruction at the postprimary education level since the late 1970s. Tanzania differs from some of its neighbors in that a lingua franca, swahili, is spoken as a second language by a vast majority of the population and is a straightforward choice for a national language. Chapter three concentrates on methodology, stating the research assumptions. The bantu, swahili language and english, the latter of which was inherited. Progress towards the achievement of project development objective, or pdo will be measured through the. Tanzania history, language and culture history of tanzania.
The most significant of these is the olduvai gorge, situated in the northwestern corner of tanzania near the ngorongoro crater. This study highlights the impact of using english as the language of instruction on students. Today, dar es salaam remains the principal commercial city of tanzania. However, kiswahili is the language most frequently used in government offices, as well as in. The english language fellows midyear seminar for all africa fellows took place in zanzibar, just off the coast of tanzania. Translation for tanzania in the free swahilienglish dictionary and many other english translations. The tanzania teaching foundation ttf was inspired by a ministry of gloria dei lutheran church that supported volunteer nancy winters to teach at manow lutheran junior seminary for the 2001 school year. It served as a british military outpost during world war. Tanzania dumps english as its official language in schools. A second language is one that comes after ones primary language. International journal on studies in english language and literature ijsell page 60 tanzanian efl teachers perceptions and attitudes towards communicative language teaching clt.
Swahili or kiswahili as it is called when one is speaking the language is the most important and widely studied indigenous language of africa, the national and official language of kenya and tanzania. She recognized the largest hurdle to secondary education in tanzania was command of. Planet earth, under the sea, inventions, seasons, circus, transports and. History and importance of english language in nigeria. Born on april 26th, 1964, tanzania was conceived after lengthy talks to merge tanganyika and zanzibar began years prior.
The revival of the status of english in tanzania english. The acquisition of indefiniteness in english as a foreign. English syllabus tanzania, speaking speaking reading for comprehension writing introduction to language the english language. Theoretical and practical challenges in a tanzanian. Is kiswahili a suitable language for higher learning. Each world has more than 20 groups with 5 puzzles each. Language of instruction and its impact on quality of. It spread northwards during the 19th century with the colonial exploration of presentday zimbabwe and zambia former southern and northern rhodesia respectively, especially by david livingstone. An effective program of english language, similar to foreign language programs all over the world, can help maintain good standards of english in tanzania while allowing tanzanians to develop their own identity through kiswahili and quality education. The study explored the role of attitudes in secondary school students performance in the english language.
The two countries joined together to form the united republic of tanzania in april 1964. English is clearly a minority language, but with its in creasing population and expanding education, the number of speakers in tanzania must be several millions. It ends up being used mostly as a lingua franca, as it is in tanzania. It is the major seaport for the country and its landlocked neighbours. Two subjects, that is, history and english were used to examine the. Mainland tanzania formerly tanganyika received independence in december 1961, while zanzibar gained her independence in january 1964, through a revolution. Tanzania big results now in education program project english abstract. About 90 million people in tanzania, kenya, uganda, congo, and mozambique speak swahili. The respondents were 240 pupils from four english medium primary schools, based in mbeya and dar es salaam cities. The main feature of tanzanias education system is the bilingual policy, which requires children to learn both kiswahili and english. How is the quality of the education offered at the university in tanzania affected by the english language of instruction.
History, language and culture in tanzania world travel guide. The brief german interlude expanded kiswahili in the colony and laid the foun dation for its success as a truly national language in tanzania later. International journal of learning, teaching and educational research, 11, 3, 116. A qualitative study eugenia lucas wandela depaul university this dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the college of education at via sapientiae. Effects of language policy in the school on the learning. The bantu, swahili language and english, the latter of which was inherited from colonial rule see tanganyika territory, are widely spoken as lingua francas. Investigation of pupils english language abilities in tanzania. Tanzania is set to become the first subsaharan african country to use an african language as the medium of. Do students backgrounds in the language of instruction. Codycross is a famous newly released game which is developed by fanatee. Swahili is an interesting language as only about 15 million people speak it as a first language, maximum.
Tanzania dumps english as its official language in schools, opts for kiswahili. In east africa, english is often used as a hybrid code that has been reappropriated for use in its local context. Ironically, it is also nigerias dominant language, with the use of english being taught at various levels of the nigerian educational system prenursery schools, nursery schools, primary schools, secondary schools and tertiary institutions of learning. Language policy for education and development in tanzania pdf. Shule tanzania this is all about education matters in tanzania, get learning and teaching resources, past papers, examination results etc. The possible detrimental effects on development of the conflict between english and kiswahili in tanzania. English was allotted 810 periods out of 40 per week, while kiswahili was allotted 3 hours chimerah, 1998. Teachers were to be trained in english while their mother tongue was viewed as a premium in teaching the lower primary schools additionally. Achebe acrolect african countries african forms african languages african nations african varieties anglophone argument basilectal bemba bilingual botswana british cameroon codeswitching colonial communication consonant context creole languages cultural deviations east english in africa english language teaching english studies ethnic european. The christian missionaries who came from great britain introduced formal western education to nigeria, just before the middle of the 19 th century. How does the current policy on language of instruction in tanzania relate to the process of development of the nation. However, most of these studies do not relate the language of instruction to the quality of education. However, in many cases, the swahili words come into use as new matengo vocabulary, as swahili loanwords.
Njoroge 1991 states that, in 1981, mackay commission allowed english to remain the language of instruction, while kiswahili was. Consequently, most learners only receive exposure to english in the efl classroom, and most efl teachers struggle with english themselves qorro, 2006. Official language of tanzania codycross answers cheats and. The merging was spearheaded by the charismatic leaders of their two most prominent political parties. Fellow sarah sanderson, who is based in uganda, was there, presenting a game called headbands to an audience of 30 local primary and secondaryschool teachers. The united republic of tanzania national examinations council certificate of secondary education examination 022 english language for school candidates only time. Official language of tanzania codycross answers cheats.
Discussion about the official or national language in tanzania is basically a discussion about kiswahili and english. The majority of the oral literature in tanzania that has been recorded is in swahili, though each of the countrys languages has its own oral tradition. The experience of the last decade has underscored the need for better responsive. Tanzania simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Language policies in tanzania and south africa the current language policy in tanzania can best be described by words like confusing, contradictory and ambiguous. These two languages have been competing for official status in tanzania since tanganyika tanganyika refers to the tanzania mainland before it united with zanzibar in 1964 gained its independence from britain in 1961 rubagumya, 1991. Your chance to have a onetoone lesson with bestselling language expert paul noble, try a free audio sample of his brand new mandarin. Theoretical and practical challenges in a tanzanian english. There is an ongoing debate over whether this is the optimal amount of english in tanzanian schools, with compelling arguments for both english and swahili as. Language is not any longer mentioned in the constitution of tanzania. Language policies and practices in tanzania and south africa. Investigation of pupils english language abilities in. Swahili also called kiswahili is the most widespread language in east africa.
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